Baking preparation.



isfactory for household UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT A. HOLBROO K, OF CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR T0 VICTORCHEMICAL WORKS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, .A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT A. HOLBROOK, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Chicago Heights, county of Cook, and State ofIllinois, new and useful Improvements in Baking Preparations, of whichthe following is declared to be a full, clear, and exact description.

The invention relates to improvements in baking preparations and, moreparticularly, to so-called baking acids, which react with a carbonate orbi-carbonate to liberate the leavening carbonic acid gas. I

At present mono-calcium phosphate is largely used as a baking acidbecause of its wholesomeness and .low cost, but, while satpurposes, itis not well adapted for use in bakeries Where the dough is often mixedin large quantities and allowed to stand for some considerable timebefore it is all baked. Under such circumstances, some of the leaveninggas appears to be dissipated to a greater or less extent, as isevidenced by the less satisfactory character of the goods baked fromsuch dough.

The present invention seeks to provide an improved baking preparation oflow cost and free from unwholesome ingredients, and which will produce alarge loaf volume of good texture, even though 'the wet dough be allowedto stand for some time before baking.

Practical experiment has shown that the desired result is attained byemploying, in the baking preparation, mono-calcium phosphate admixedwith a di-alkali' phosphate, and preferably di-sodium ,phosphate. If,for example, a baking acid comprising 6 parts, by weight, ofmono-calcium phosphate and a parts of a suitable diluent such as starch,is compared with one comprising 6 parts of mono-calcium phosphate, 1part of starch and 3 parts of anhydrous di-sodium phosphate, it ,Will befound that, while each has substantially the same neutralizing value,the latter will produce superior baking results, particularly if the wetdough is allowed to stand for several hours before heat is applied.

While di-sodium phosphate alone will not react with sodium bi-carbonate,it does combine in solution with mono-calcium phosphate to producemono-sodium phosphate,

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed Decei'nber 15, 1913.Serial No. 806,747.

have invented certain Patented Oct. 13, 1914.

and the latter, as Well as the mono-calcium phosphate, react with thebi-carbonate to generate carbonic acid gas, substantially as indicatedin the following equations In a baking compound prepared in accordance,avith the present inventionand containing sodium bi-carbonate, monocal,cium phosphate and an admixture of disodium phosphate, it is believedthat all three of the foregoing reactions take place simultaneously inthe wet dough, the resultant products being di-calcium phosphate,di-sodium phosphate and carbonic acid gas.

phosphate is formed in the nascent state in the dough, and it is foundthat, while disodium phosphate is cheap and eflicient, any salt of analkali may be substituted there for in the preparation, wl ich can besafely employed in a baking compound and which will react withmono-calciumphosphate to form a mono-alkali phosphate, and such acompound is formed when the reaction produces a calcium compound havinga relatively small solubility as compared to the mono-calcium phosphate.Among such salts of alkalis which have practical value as substitutesfor the di-sodium phosphate, are the primary and secondary sulfates, themetaphosphates, the pyro-phosphates, the primary and secondarytartrate's, and the primary, secondary and tertiary citrates.

The invention is not limited to anydefinite proportion of such an alkalisalt as compared to the amount of. mono-calcium phosphate used in themixture, but preferably the relative proportions of alkali salt a andmono-calcium phosphate correspond to the amounts that would complete thereaction between them.

Obviously, the improved baking preparation may take the form or bakingacidor of a self-r,aising flour, or the form of a wet dough mixed readyfor baking. In a wet dough mixture, the alkali salt employed may be inthe hydrated form. But, in a baking powder or baking acid of a bakingpowder It should be noted that mono-sodium Monocalciumphos hate 80% 60%or in aaselfiraising flour, the alkali salt used should benon-hydroscopic, that is to say,

such that moistureabsorbed' by i t will not be retained as free or..uncombined water. For

5 exam le, in such stable baking preparations,

di-so ium phosphate which has been dehydrated to some extent, and whichis prefcrably substantially anhydrous, is employed, since absorbedmoistur unites chemically 1 therewith as water of crystallization anddoes not therefore act prematurely to decrease the ga s-producing orleavening capacity of the preparation.

In preparingbaking powder or baking 0 acid, the materials and relativepercentages,

by weight, are preferably as follows:

powder. acid.

Dl-sodium phospha e (anhydrous) 80% Starch 80% Sodium bi-carbonate It isobvious that the proportions above given, and particularly the amount ofstarch or other diluent employed may be varied and other changes made inthe details set forth, without departure from the essentials of theinvention as defined in the claims.

N While sodium bi-carbonate is usually emcomposition a suitablecarbonate, mono-calcium phosphate, and an alkali salt which will react,in a mixed-dough, with the monocalcium phosphate to form amono-alkaliphosphate.

2. A baking preparation including in its composition a suitablecarbonate, mono-cal- 3. A baking preparation inclu ing in itscomposition a suitable carbonate, mono-calcium hos hate and di-sodiumphosphate.

ba ing acid comprising mono-calcium phosphate admixed with an alkalisalt which will react in solution therewith to form a mono-alkaliphosphate.

5. A baking acid comprising mono-calcium phosphate admixed withdi-sodium phosphate.

6. A baking powder comprising an admixture of a suitable carbonate,mono-calcium phosphate, and a non-hydroscopic cium phosphate and adi-alkali (phosphate.

alkali salt which Will react in solution wlth

